What is the most common complication associated with untreated diabetes mellitus?

The most significant complication associated with untreated diabetes mellitus is cardiovascular disease. Diabetes increases the risk of various cardiovascular problems due to factors such as hyperglycemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity, which are all common among individuals with uncontrolled diabetes.

Chronic high blood glucose levels can lead to damage of blood vessels and nerves that control the heart and blood vessels, promoting atherosclerosis (the buildup of plaque in arteries). Consequently, individuals with diabetes are at a heightened risk for heart attacks, strokes, and other cardiovascular events.

While neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy are notable complications of diabetes, they typically develop after prolonged periods of poorly managed blood sugar levels. Cardiovascular disease tends to be a more immediate concern and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among individuals with diabetes. Therefore, understanding the relationship between diabetes and cardiovascular health underscores the importance of managing blood glucose levels to mitigate this risk effectively.