How is metabolic acidosis defined?

Metabolic acidosis is characterized by a decreased pH in the blood and a decreased bicarbonate (HCO3-) concentration. The decrease in pH indicates an increase in acidity, which is a hallmark of metabolic acidosis. This condition arises when there is an accumulation of acids in the body or a loss of bicarbonate, leading to a general decrease in the buffering capacity of the blood.

In metabolic acidosis, the body's ability to neutralize acids is compromised, which can occur due to conditions such as renal failure, diabetic ketoacidosis, or lactic acidosis. The bicarbonate level drops as it is utilized to buffer the excess hydrogen ions, further driving down the pH.

This understanding distinguishes metabolic acidosis from other acid-base disorders. In contrast, a condition that features an increased pH, whether due to increased bicarbonate or other factors, would indicate alkalosis rather than acidosis. Thus, identifying the relationship between pH and bicarbonate is crucial in diagnosing and managing acid-base disorders effectively.