Which hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans decreases glucose levels?

Insulin is the hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans, specifically by the beta cells, that plays a crucial role in lowering blood glucose levels. When blood glucose levels rise after eating, insulin is released into the bloodstream. Its primary function is to facilitate the uptake of glucose by tissues, especially muscle and adipose (fat) tissues, allowing them to utilize glucose for energy or store it as glycogen for later use. This mechanism helps to regulate and maintain glucose homeostasis within the body.

In contrast, glucagon, which is secreted by alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans, works to increase blood glucose levels by promoting the conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver. Epinephrine, produced by the adrenal glands, also raises blood sugar levels, particularly in response to stress or danger. Cortisol, another hormone produced by the adrenal glands, influences glucose metabolism and can increase blood sugar levels during times of stress.